In South India, girls marry maternal uncles! - Instablogs
In South India, girls marry maternal uncles!
Leena , Kolkata: Oct 19 2008
Made Popular Oct 20 2008
India :

In South India, girls marry maternal uncles!

Being born and brought up at Kolkata, I was never really a part of the South Indian culture. Though I respect my native state of Andhra Pradesh, its rich heritage and an otherwise impeccable culture, there are certain customs that I have issues with. The prime amongst them is the issue of marrying your own relatives. A few years ago, my grandmother, being a woman of strictly traditional views, came up with the matrimonial proposal of my first cousin, Sanjay, for me. Sanjay is my father’s sister’s son. I have been seeing him since childhood and I have always viewed him as a brother. The very idea of marrying him was repulsive. Luckily, my parents could somehow convince my grandmother about the awkwardness of the proposal and stop her from negotiating further.

Marrying first cousins is a very common occurrence in not only Andhra Pradesh but in other States of South India as well. A more objectionable proposal can be marriage to your maternal uncle if agewise suitable. That means, a girl gets to marry her mother’s younger brother!

I don’t understand the rationale behind such match making but it is still widely prevalent in South India-even in the erudite class! You find highly educated people marrying within their close relatives. The question that can be uppermost in anybody’s mind is about the genetic health of kids born to such couples. Educated people like you and will reason out that the offsprings will have some kind of genetic deformity, but you’ll be surprised to know that most of these couples give birth to perfectly normal kids and some of them give birth to really brainy ones too.

In any case, I find marrying close relatives a highly disgusting concept. The only advantage of such marriage is that the family property remains intact.

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Grace Calderon
Quezon City, Philippines
OMG, Leena!
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Grace Calderon
Quezon City, Philippines
This is one of the more hard-hitting posts I have read in a long while. Really. I can’t let this pass without commenting.
(Global Perspectives)
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Grace Calderon
Quezon City, Philippines
I have read and heard about bethrotals but I’ve always known that marrying within the family is a taboo.
(Global Perspectives)
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Grace Calderon
Quezon City, Philippines
sorry, that was supposed to be *betrothals*
(Global Perspectives)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Grace, am I happy to be talking to you after a long time :) ...You know I’m so very agianst this wierd practice of marrying within your own blood relatives , that I could not help writing this post
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Leena
Kolkata, India
You know, Grace, as soon as a girl child is born in this culture, the elders assign her a groom by default, if there happens to be a suitable relative. What disgusts me is that even educated people out there don’t mind marrying their relatives… In fact, eyebrows were raised against me when I objected to such a proposal.
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Oscar
Oaxaca, Mexico
This is arranged from BIRTH??? OMG!!! It is amazing women survive the evils that are forced upon them by such sick traditions and unwritten law..
(Global Perspectives)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Oscar...Nice to see you here. Well, the elders do some matchmaking as soon as a girl child is born, but they do not force it upon her, though they try to convince her to the best of their abilites.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
But all this is fast changing now, after interaction with a lot of other communities
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What is your objection to it? Do you think it gives rise to incest relationship or something else? Who told you that marrying within relatives produces handicapped children? Are you aware that this old custom and pure tradition in South India has social approval and religious sanctity.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Mr. Balam...thanks for opining here. I know this practice has approval in South Indian society, but tell me...can you think of marrying your own niece or your first cousin?

And, I have already mentioned that such couples are producing normal children, but, you should know that genetic proximity and close blood relation often results in healthwise low quality offsprings( whether in humans or any other living beings). As Reshmi pointed out, complications arise while conception also.
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The custom is prevalent in South India and Maharashtra. Marathas and Kannadigas are warriors. Andhraites ruled the subcontinent from Vijainagram. Malyali and Tamilians comprise majority of our I.A.S. cadre officers. LTTE has left no one in doubt that Tamilians are good fighters too. Even during Mougal rule, deccan was always a headache for Delhi rulers. Please quote the study or research of your conclusion which primarily indicates that the custom is bad or unacceptable or should be stopped or banned by law.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Mr. Balam, I never intended to say that the custom should be banned by law or should be unacceptable to everybody.Those who are comfortable with it can follow it, but those who don’t can voice their opinion about the issue. There are so many practices that seem ethically incorrect, but yet our society started accepting them, but kweepintg their reservations intact.
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Subin
Kathmandu, Nepal
Ramesh Balam
Who told you that marrying within relatives produces handicapped children?

It doesn't, but inbreeding means that it shuts the door on genetic enhancement and increases the chances of keeping inherited genetic shortcomings within the family. This is science.
(Global Perspectives)
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Sabino
Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Royal families who married within their families in Europe carried forward many genetic diseases like hemophilia etc.

The term "blue blood" for aristocracy comes from the 'defective' blood (or blood related defects/deficiencies/ailments) that were found to be rampant in such families all over Europe.
(Global Perspectives)
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Ketul
Jamshedpur, India
Mr. Balam,

Even animals don't mate with close relatives. They avoid it as much as possible. Due to extensive depletion of wildlife in many parts of the world, many species have chosen to inbreed when survival is at stake like the cheetahs in Africa. They now face a bleak future.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Subin...thanks for visiting the site and sharing a really enlightening piece of information. I agree with you very much. It is established scientifically that the more variation in genes the superior the quality of the offspring. That is what genetic engineering is mostly about. Thanks for letting people know the reason behind royal families being called blue blooded.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Ketul...Its really good to see you here. And what you said about animals is hundred percent true.

Here, I would like to share what I have personally seen. My friend’s dog was given for cross breeding and it produced strong offsprings. After that, a female from the offsprings was mated with the older dog (its father) and three of its five pups died in the first few days of their birth.

Even in the case of marriages within relatives it is seen that offsprings with maternal uncles had more health complications than the ones produced by marrying cousins.
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Reshmi
Bangalore, India
Hi Leena, a very relevant and thought provoking post. Even I was not aware of this practice till we came and settled in Bangalore. In Kolkata, the place where I was born and grew up, this is highly unthinkable and objectionable as well. But here I have many South Indian friends who have married their maternal uncles, or cousin brothers and quite happy also! But, I have also heard of quite a few cases where they have lead to complications while conceiving, and doctors have categorically told that it was because of being married in the same family. I don’t agree with Rameshji that this tradition has social approval and religious sanctity. Even ’Sati’had religious sanctity at one point of time. Does that mean we should approve of it?
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Thank you Reshmi, and it is really good to see you out here. Yes, as you rightly pointed out, the couples who are marrying this way are happy also. This is because right from their childhood their adults and peers develop that attitude in them. For us, this looks strange. I know one cousin of mine, a fifteen year old, who blushes when I mention her maternal uncle’s name- a guy who is in college. She has been told by her elders that she is supposed to marry him later in life.

This practice may be social approval, and as you correctly pointed out even Sati had social approval. Does that mean that we have to accept them? Rather we should evaluate the flawed social perceptions and correct them to the extent we can.
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Sati has no religious sanction. The females who are worshipped as Sati did not climb the funeral pyre of their husband. The social evil creeped in. It was banned by the British by the efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Ray.

Johar, mass self immolation to save the honour, also did not have any religious sanctity.

Marrying the female of maternal side is a socially acceptable custom in South India, West India specially Maharashtra: and is frowned upon in East India, and unthinkable in Central and North India. The custom has religious sanctity from the times of Mahabharat days or earlier.

When Government of Maharashtra is proposing to legalise live in relationships; the attitude of certain people at instablogs is not understood.
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Every society has its own culture and tradition. So, I respect it. But Marrying with own blood relation member is not digested in some communities. In Nepal too, people marry their mother’s cousin or father’s cousin in some communities.
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Hindus with a very few rare exceptions don’t marry in the same ”Gotra”.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Mukunda...thanks for visiting and presenting your valuable opinion.I have heard of such practices taking place in other communities also. But I think the majority of communities cannot digest this.
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Yes Leena. We haven’t habituated to do so. As Ramesh says, we have even boundary of ”Gotra” for marriage, in this context, can we think marrying own relatives, specially own blood relatives????
(Global Perspectives)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Mr. Balam, when people of the same gotra are not considered eligible for marriage, where they might not be related by blood at all; how do you think people having a close blood relation and genetic link can be considered fit for marriage? Isn’t gotra are more distant determining factor in comparison to biological proximity?

For that matter, how would you feel if you are asked to marry your niece or cousin Mr. Balam? Sorry for posing this question again, but I am asking this question once again because I want you to experience how a person in that particular situation would feel.
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I agree with Leena.
(Global Perspectives)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
thank you Mukunda for seeing my point
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I have given an information about no marriage in the same Gotra.

You can ask the question thousand times or as many times as you wish. It is your annd my personal choice.

The pertinent question is whether the custom is bad or not. If yes, then how, why and what are the remedial measures and practical alternatives available to the society?

It does not become bad in South India just because North Indians don’t approve of it. That simply is my point.
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Oscar
Oaxaca, Mexico
Is ”Gotra” the family ”name”, reputation that stems from the Father and His family? I sthat why only Mother’s cousins or youngest brothers, nephews are used for these marriages?
(Global Perspectives)
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Oscar
Oaxaca, Mexico
Ramesh has a point..What is bad in one region, may be completely acceptable, even embraced in another..but Leena has a very valid point in the fact BOTH parties should be accepting..It should not be forced.
(Global Perspectives)
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Vijay
Kota, India
Leena,it’s happening in Maharashtra also but according to Hindu traditions and culture you must forbid four Gotra’s.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
nice to see you here Vijay...can you expand on this please?
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Friends I would like to share some more information…in the south Indian culture a girl can marry her maternal uncle, but not her paternal uncle.If a relation with paternal uncle is tantamount to incest, then why should it not be so with the maternal uncle? She can marry cross cousins but not parallel cousins. If parallel cousins can be given the status of brothers /sisters then why not cross cousins?
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It is to enlighten you that once a female is received from a particular Gotra in a family (I am not talking about the clan), a female is not sent to the family of the same Gotra from where a female has been received. That amounts to cross breeding and has been specifically prohibited in Bhagvad Gita. Doing so, it warns, breeds impotent generation.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
I think your concept of gotra is different from the south indian one . In the south indian culture and most others the opposite happens. A female can be sent to the family of the same gotra from where another female has been recieved. This happens when a brother-sister pair marry another brother sister pair.

As far as I know , people from the same gotra are prohibitted from being married because they are believed to be descendents of the same rishi like bharadwaj, vashishist etc. which makes them brother and sister.
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Reshmi
Bangalore, India
Amongst the Bengalis, I can cite lots of examples where 2 sisters (belonging to the same Gotra, naturally) get married to 2 brothers of the same family...or even if the bride has a brother, the bridegroom’s sister gets married to the brother. In fact, marriages do take place even if the two families have the same gotra. It is only that the maternal uncle does the ’sampradan’ or figurative handing over of the bride in such cases. We are talking of congenital disorders and practical complications that might arise in such cases which Leena has mentioned here. I don’t understand what is the link with North Indians approval or the legalistaion of live-in relationship by Maharashtra Govt with it!
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Vijay
Kota, India
Leena,you knows it well.
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Reshmi
Bangalore, India
Sorry, that should have been legalisation!
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Siddhesh
Pune, India
Ethically it sounds scary, but its a fact that human race has survived till date with marrying in its close relations! In old times this was only way to find eligible matches as distance was always a problem.....these rituals are common in all Hindu castes, Muslims and almost all other Indian communities. It’s practiced even in Africa. It was followed in Europe in medival times but was gradually omitted. In US, however, marrying first cousins is a legal offense....
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Siddhesh...thanks for visiting. Yeah, I agree with you- this practice is not unique to south indian culture alone, but if it was practised since olden days and was socially widely accepted then , since we inherit our culture from our ancestors, when and why did this practice become ethically scary for us?
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Sasmita
pune, India
Leena, this issue is not new to me. But hate this pratice just like you. This is so common for those who marry in this way, and education or open-mindedness do not count here.

My sister’s friend has married (arrainged) to her maternal uncle’s son. They are highly educated and live in US.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
hi Sasmita... in fact I would like to append to what you have said that even some NRI south indians of US are marrying this way, even in the present times
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It only amounts to incest and nothing else...peoperty is just a subterfuge...parents and relatives should never agree to such marriages...there are prohibited degrees of marriage in any marriage system...such practice does exist in some other social groups and castes and even religions etc...how can you think of marrying your own sister’s children...its barbaric and shameful.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hello Sir...Thanks for visiting and putting forward your valuable opinion. But I would like to convey tat unlike incest , this marriage is not done purely for sexual purposes. The family property is one good reason, that they give. Another reason that they say,is that since the boy and girl are marrying within their own stock they can be better adjusted to their marital life and with the in-laws.
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Commentators on this article except for the sole exception of Siddhesh, hail from North India or outside and they view the custom from that angle and criticise it. My request is that if your comments are inclusive of the view points of the South Indian too, then the debate with be worth-while.
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Oscar
Oaxaca, Mexico
I’m not looking to make a worthwhile debate, I’m just trying to understand and learn.
(Global Perspectives)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Mr. Ramesh, I appreciate you for standing for the south indian customs so strongly. Being a south indian I am feeling bad for pulling out the flaws within my own community but, I would like to convey that a flaw is a flaw whatever be the community and should be rectified if possible.
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Neha Finney
Dehradun, India
Hi Leena u should have inquired your grandmom abt this issue when she brought the proposal she would have gladly enlightened you. Well i have spent nearly 15 yrs growing up in Tamilnadu though i am basically from Delhi and found this practice odd too. Then upon inquiry i was told that like today finding a match for a girl was often considered tedious or difficult. There was the dowry issue caste that had to matched and god forbid if the girl was manglik she would have a hard time finding a groom, so in such circumstances it was considered a security that the maternal Uncle or cousin would marry the girl, ofcourse the south indian beloved metal gold would stay in the family and the land too. One must understand that dowry was and is still a very real problem in southern states, so this practice was actually was a relief to the parents in many ways. Moreover ancient middle eastern societies too followed this practice and they all gave birth to healthy children so southern India is not an exceptional case!
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Neha, thanks for dropping in and telling me about your experience in Tamilnadu.
Well, so the ultimate reason behind all this is dowry? Thanks for insight.
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Neha Finney
Dehradun, India
The custom of marrying an uncle or first cousin is not a stone writ as some believe it is just that the uncle has the first right with the girls’ consent ofcourse followed by the first cousin and then any outsider if the suitor dosent please the girl! One might think this custom odd but i have done my degree from south and oh the times these couples have during Valentines day that too with the full permission of their parents, these traditional looking girls would be glowing with delight. So i think if the south indian girls are happy with their custom so be it, well it works for them if not for others!
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Of course it happens with the consent of both parties.They are happy because their mindsets are tuned that way by their society.Now, someone might be happy marrying her own father or brother. Does that mean others don’t find it awkward?
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Neha Finney
Dehradun, India
Its not only for dowry but also the fact that in states like kerala girls outnumber boys and there are good chances that a number of girls might never find a guy as all get booked. So a parents’ mindset would be to secure the future of his daughter in such circumstances. And the question of happiness, well all have a conscience all are born with it and no one exactly would be happy marrying their father or their own brother. One cannot pull down a custom just becuse one finds it unacceptable just like some cannot accept non veg food it dosent mean non vegeratians are to be looked down upon!
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Leena
Kolkata, India
no Neha, no one is looking down upon any other person or custom. Of course, every human being has got the right to live the way he wants to in this world. That’s the reason gay marriages(with no relation to the topic under discussion)are being accepted these days.

Being a south indian myself I respect my culture in a lot of ways. But, its just that when someone is meant to be an uncle, psychologically you cannot imagine him as your spouse. Same goes with cousins also. you grow up with them, they are like your brothers.
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Neha Finney
Dehradun, India
Every parent wants their childs’ good and happiness and all they do is to that end so if one expresses their unhappiness over such proposals m sure their likes and dislikes will be respected!
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Leena
Kolkata, India
I would like to tell you that my elders including my grandmother were happy to know my personal opinion. Even my cousin saw sense in what I was saying. Both of us are happily married with our respective partners who are not relatives.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Guys! Its nice to see you folks again. Thank you very much for your valuable opinionsBased on that, I have presented further viewpoints on the same topic in the article

http://leenakomarraju.instablogs.com/entry/the-south-indian-custom-of-marrying-maternal-uncles-a-further-viewpoint/
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It’s how interesting this marriage culture for some South Indians! The part about brainy offsprings sounds good :)
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Zsolt...Thanks for visiting and putting forward your valuable viewpoint. Yeah, though our gene studies say and observe that offsprings produced by genetically close couples are of inferior quality, it is indeed seen that many of the children produced by such union happen to be gifted with superior intelligence as in the case of the South Indians.
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even tough it is a taboo to marry in the family in Kenya,i have over the years learnt respecting other people’s culture.
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Leena
Kolkata, India
Hi Duncan...I am really happy to see you here and I respect you for respecting other people’s cultures. Even I love my culture for so many reasons.But having experienced this, it was rather difficult for me to digest.
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Rajagopalan S
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Leena, Most of the weddings that are performed with maternal uncles are intended to retain the ancestral assets within the family circle in Hindu custom. Medically this is not good coz they deliver weak children.

While the grandparents are happy, the couples in the current generations I see in most of the situations are not happy coz they want to look for the spouses from outside of their family network.
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